 The
Problems of Philosophy
Bertrand Russell
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
The student who wishes to acquire an elementary knowledge
of philosophy will find it both easier and more profitable
to read some of the works of the great philosophers than
to attempt to derive an all-round view from handbooks. The
following are specially recommended:
PLATO: Republic, especially Books VI and VII.
DESCARTES: Meditations.
SPINOZA: Ethics.
LEIBNIZ: The Monadology.
BERKELEY: Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous.
HUME: Enquiry concerning Human Understanding.
KANT: Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysic.
INDEX
The interrogations indicate places where a view is discussed,
not asserted [To use this index divide the sought page number
by the number of pages in the book, 160, and scroll down
that fraction. Example: "Phenomenon" is on page 86. 86/160=53%.
Scroll down 53% into the file and there you are. (Or just
use the search function.)]
- Absolute idea, 142
- Acquaintance, 43 ff., 60, 108, 109, 119, 136 with Self?
50
- Act, mental, 41
- Analytic, 82
- Appearance, 9, 16
- A priori, 74-7, 80, 82 ff., 103 ff. mental?
88
- Arithmetic, 84
- Association, 62 63 65
- Being, 100
- Belief, 119 ff., instinctive, 24 25
- Berkeley, George (Bishop), 12, 13, 15, 16, 36, 38 ff.,
73, 95, 97
- Bismarck, Prince Otto von, 54-8
- Bradley, Francis Herbert, 95
- Cantor, Georg, 147
- Causality, 63, 69, 83
- China, Emperor of, 44, 75
- Cogito, ergo sum, 18. See Descartes
- Coherence, 122, 123, 140
- Colours, 8-10, 34, 35, 138
- Concept, 52
- Constituents, 126
- Contradiction, law of, 72, 83
- Correspondence of belief and fact, 121 ff.
- Correspondence of sense-data and physical objects, 22,
24, 31, 33, 34, 37, 39
- Criterion, 140
- Critical philosophy, 82 ff.
- Deduction, 79
- Descartes, René, 18, 19, 73, 150
- Description, 45, 47, 52 ff., 109
- Divisibility, infinite, 146, 147
- Doubt, 17, 18, 25, 150
- Dreams, 19, 22, 110, 122
- Duration, 32
- Empiricists, 73-5, 86, 95
- Error, 110 119 ff., 139, 151
- Excluded middle, 72
- Existence, 100, knowledge of, 17 ff., 60, 73
- Experience: extended by descriptions, 59, 60, 148 immediate,
7, 18
- Facts, 136-8
- Falsehood, 120 ff. definition of, 1Z8
- Generalization, empirical, 78
- Geometry, 77, 84
- Hallucinations. See Dreams
- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 141
- Hume, David, 73, 83, 95, 97
- Ideas, 38 ff., 99
- abstract, 48, 95
- innate, 73
- platonic, 91-3
- Idealism, 37-45 defined, 37 grounds of, 38 ff.
- Idealists, 36
- Identity, law of, 72
- Induction, 60-9, 79, 107 principle of, 66, 67, 112
- Inference, logical and psychological, 134
- Infinity, 146, 147
- Innate ideas and principles. See Ideas
- Introspection, 49
- Kant, Immanuel, 81-90, 146
- Knowledge:
- by acquaintance and by description, 44-59, 108-9
- definition of, 131 ff., 159
- derivative, 109, 133-5
- indubitable? 7, 151
- intuitive, 109, 111-8, 133, 135 ff., 149
- of future, 60 ff.
- of general principles, 70-81, 84, 107
- of things and of truths, 44, 46, 108, 1O9, 144
- of universe, 26, 141, 155
- only of mental things? 41 ff.
- philosophical, 149, 154
- theory of, 38
- Laws, general, 63, 67, 74
- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 15, 16, 36, 73, 95
- Light, 28-9
- Locke, John, 73
- Logic, 71, 91, 123, 147-8
- Mathematics, 77, 84
- Matter, 12
- existence of, 13, 15, 17-26, 43
- nature of, 27-36
- Memory, 48, 114 ff.
- Mind, 13, 52 the only reality? 14. See also Idealists
what is in the, 38 ff., 99
- Monad, 95
- Modadism, 95
- Monism, 95
- Motion, laws of, 61, 64
- Nature of a thing, 144
- Necessity, 78
- Object of apprehension, 41-3 of judgement, 126, 127
- Particular, 93
- Perception, 113-4, 117, 137
- Phenomenon, 86, 87
- Philosophy, value of, 153-161 uncertainty of, 154, 155
- Physical objects, 12, 19, 33, 34, 52, 85, 108
- Plato, 91 ff.
- Principles, general, 70-81
- Probable opinion, 139-40
- Probability, 62 ff., 73
- Proper names, 54 ff., 93
- Propositions, constituents of, 53, 54
- Qualities, 90, 95, 97, 1O1
- Rationalists, 73, 86
- Reality, 9 ff., 16
- Relations, 31, 32, 34, 97, 1O1 ff., 143-5 multiple,
123-7 sense of, 127
- Resemblance, 96, 102
- Self, 19, 50, 51, 87
- Self-consciousness, 50
- Self-evidence, 112-8 degrees of, 117, 138 two kinds
of, 136 ff.
- Sensation, 12 85 86
- Sense-data, 12, 15-17, 21-4, 27, 30, 32-4, 46, 85, 137
certainty of, 18-21
- Shapes, 1O, 11, 33
- Solipsism, 21-4
- Space, 29 ff., 146
- Euclidean and non-Euclidean, 147
- physical, 29-33
- Spinoza, Baruch, 94, 95
- Subject, 126
- 'Thing in itself', 86
- 'Thought, Laws of', 72, 88, 89
- Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, in
Opposition to Sceptics and Atheists, 12
- Time, 32 ff., 87, 102, 146
- Touch, 11
- Truth, 119-130 Definition of, 128
- Uniformity of nature, 63
- Universals, 48, 52, 91-100, 148 knowledge of, 101-10,
137
- Verbs, 94
|
